# 第三册 Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark 卡蒂萨克号帆船

## 一、课文原文

One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| impressive | /im'presiv/ | adj. | 给人深刻印象的 | impress v. 给……留下印象 |
| steamship | /'sti:m'ʃip/ | n. | 蒸汽轮船 | steam蒸汽+ship船 |
| vessel | /'vesəl/ | n. | 轮船，大木船 | 也指"容器/血管" |
| era | /'iərə/ | n. | 时期，时代 | mark the beginning of a new era |
| Java | /'dʒa:və/ | n. | 爪哇 | 印度尼西亚岛屿 |
| rudder | /'rʌdə/ | n. | 舵 | 控制船只方向的装置 |
| roll | /rəul/ | v. | 颠簸，摇摆 | roll from side to side左右颠簸 |
| steer | /stiə/ | v. | 掌握方向 | steer a ship/a car |
| temporary | /'tempərəri/ | adj. | 临时的 | 反义词permanent永久的 |
| plank | /plæŋk/ | n. | 大块木板 | planks of wood木板 |
| fit | /fit/ | v. | 安装 | fit a rudder安装舵 |
| Equator | /i'kweitə/ | n. | 赤道 | equatorial adj. 赤道的 |
| delay | /di'lei/ | n. | 耽误 | delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 |
| remind | /ri'maind/ | v. | 提醒 | remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 不定式作定语（分离定语）
- **The first of the two ships to reach Java...**
- 不定式短语to reach Java作定语修饰first
- 但中间被of the two ships隔开，形成"分离定语"

### 2. 核心语法：虚拟语气（与过去事实相反的假设）

| 结构 | 形式 | 课文例句 |
|------|------|----------|
| 条件从句 | if + had done | if she had not lost her rudder |
| 主句 | would have done | she would have won the race easily |

- 实际情况：她失去了舵，所以没有赢
- 假设与过去事实相反：如果没失去舵，就能赢

### 3. have + 宾语 + 过去分词（使役结构）
- **have a new rudder fitted**——让人安装新舵
- 表示"让别人做某事"
- 区别：have sth. done（让别人做）vs. have sb. do（让某人做）

### 4. 固定搭配

| 短语 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| take the lead | 领先 |
| lose one's lead | 失去领先地位 |
| call in at | 顺路停靠（港口） |
| tear away | 刮走，撕裂 |

### 5. considering that...——考虑到……
- 引导原因状语从句
- 例：Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays.

### 6. There is no doubt that...——毫无疑问……
- that引导同位语从句，解释doubt的内容

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
- **serve as** = 充当，作为
- **reminder** = 提醒物，纪念物

### 2. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.
- **to match her** = 与她匹敌
- 不定式to match作后置定语修饰ship

### 3. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
- **mark the end of...and the beginning of...**
- 标志着……的终结和……的开始
- 体现了帆船时代的结束和蒸汽船时代的开始

### 4. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
- 整句结构：There is no doubt that + 虚拟条件句
- 虚拟语气表与过去事实相反的假设

## 五、课文翻译

人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一"卡蒂萨克"号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船。在蒸汽船取代帆船之前，"卡蒂萨克"号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。"卡蒂萨克"号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是"塞姆皮雷"号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。

比赛开始后，"赛姆皮雷"号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，"卡蒂萨克"号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份"卡蒂萨克"号遭到了一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安装就位。这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，"卡蒂萨克"号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，"塞姆皮雷"号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但"卡蒂萨克"号已经不可能取胜了，它抵达英国时比"塞姆皮雷"号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵，"卡蒂萨克"号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
- **历史叙事**：以真实历史事件为背景，叙述帆船竞赛
- **悬念与遗憾**：Cutty Sark领先→失去舵→落后→虽败犹荣
- **对比手法**：帆船时代vs蒸汽船时代，Cutty Sark vs Thermopylae
- **反事实假设**：末句虚拟语气强化遗憾感

### 文化背景
- **Cutty Sark**：现存于伦敦格林威治的19世纪著名帆船，现为博物馆
- 船名来源于苏格兰诗人Robert Burns诗作中的短语
- 1872年的帆船竞赛是帆船时代最后的辉煌
- 蒸汽船的出现标志着航海技术的新纪元

## 七、课后练习要点

1. 词汇：掌握rudder, steer, temporary, vessel, era, impressive等重点词
2. 语法：虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）；have sth. done使役结构；分离定语
3. 句型：take the lead; call in at; There is no doubt that; considering that
4. 理解：什么倒霉事阻止了Cutty Sark获胜？——8月的风暴刮走了舵

## 八、本课小结

- 核心词汇：rudder, steer, temporary, vessel, era, impressive, delay
- 核心语法：虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）、have sth. done使役结构、分离定语
- 核心句型：There is no doubt that; considering that; take the lead; call in at
- 写作特色：历史叙事、悬念遗憾、对比手法、反事实假设